Description of Harrison's Landing

JULY 19, 1862.]

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

463

(Previous Page) proved during the day one of the hottest in the fight. Captain De Hart's battery was posted further to the left, and directly confronted the rebel line, whose position, though not as yet precisely known, was partially revealed by the sound of his artillery and musketry beyond a belt of woods toward Gaines's Mills. Captain De Hart's battery consisted of six 12-pounder Napoleon guns, besides which there was a battery of 3-inch rifled guns, of wrought iron, belonging to the reserves. Captain Eaton's battery was on his left, and Captain Kern's further to his left.

About ten o'clock the pickets at our right were driven back from the woods skirting the field, and shortly afterward those stationed on the Cross Roads toward the Coal Harbor road, were also driven in. The enemy were silently creeping up to the right. Simultaneously he made his appearance in a green field, directly in front, drawn up in line of battle, and in five minutes their batteries opened on our lines with shell. Following this the enemy had also placed a battery in position, fronting that of Captain Weed's, and commenced fire—the fire of the two rebel batteries being at an angle of 45 degrees to our position, enfilading the troops.

Captain Weed opened his battery, as did those of Tidball's, which was stationed near the same position. The battery of Captain De Hart also replied vigorously. The Zouaves, who were drawn up in line nearest to the enemy, stood motionless and stern awaiting the onset, while the regulars occupied the field and road, ready to receive and return the rebel fire as soon as they should get within range. The whiz-z-z of Minie bullets, and scream of shell and shot from a dozen different directions, now showed that the work had begun in earnest.

The position of these batteries and of Sykes's command was not essentially changed during the day. They held their own under a most terrific fire, and to Weed's and Tidball's Batteries is unquestionably due the credit of preventing the flanking of our right.

As the contest thickened, the enemy showed themselves in constantly augmenting numbers. The tide of battle swayed to the left, and finally covered the entire rolling land overlooking the river valley.

By two o'clock the woods covering the hill were thronged by the two contending armies. The enemy generally advanced in three lines, the first firing and falling down while that behind repeated the same movement. By the time the third line had discharged their pieces the first had loaded and were ready to rise and fire again.

Thus the battle raged, the enemy at times giving way before the impetuous charges of our men, and again recovering and advancing. The fiercest portion of the fight was near the brow of the hill. Batteries thundered, musketry roared, and the din and noise of the contending forces were terrific.

It was apparent that the rebels were constantly bringing fresh troops upon the field, and there was literally no end to their number.

SHOWERS OF CANISTER.

Reinforcements were sent for and received, but the enemy continued to outnumber our forces, and toward nightfall our wearied troops gave way toward the Chickahominy. A scene in this retreat forms the subject of our picture on pages 456 and 457. It represents GRIFFIN'S AND MARTIN'S BATTERIES POURING CANISTER INTO THE REBEL RANKS. The World correspondent says:

Griffin's and Martin's batteries did splendid service in checking the advance of the enemy, pouring canister into their ranks with terrible effect. Probably the greatest carnage of this bloody day was produced by the incessant discharges of double-shotted canister from the brass Napoleons of Martin's battery. He had taken up a position in the hollow between two small hills. The enemy advanced from the opposite side in solid column on the double-quick, with arms at right shoulder-shift, not being able to see the battery until they reached the crest of the hill, within one hundred yards of it, when Martin opened on them, sweeping them from the field like chaff in the wind. Twice again they formed and advanced, their officers behaving splendidly; but it was useless, Martin's fierce leaden rain being too terrible to withstand. The advance of the fresh troops having checked the enemy, and night coming on, the conflict ceased, and both parties quietly lay on their arms.

The Tribune writer says:

At six o'clock the enemy commenced a determined attack on our extreme left, evidently with a design of flanking us. It was an awful firing that resounded from that smoke-clouded valley—not heavier than some in the earlier part of the engagement, but more steady and determined. I am told that some men on the other side and further up the river saw more than a dozen rebel regiments march in at that point, and, remaining only a few minutes, file out a little distance up the ravine. It was only by overbearing exhausted men with fresh ones that the enemy succeeded in turning that flank, as at length he did succeed, only too well. And he accomplished it in three-quarters of an hour. At the expiration of that time our officers judiciously ordered their men to fall back.

As the infantry betook themselves from the point of attack, some 20 guns, fortunately posted in the morning for such an emergency, and which had not yet made a sign, opened a terrific fire of canister at short range. The enemy recoiled. The bridge of Lodi was not half so terrible. Until night set in, until the Valley of the Chickahominy was canopied with sulphur, until their ammunition was exhausted—and many of them went upon the field with over 200 rounds—did those guns hold the raging enemy at bay.

A PICKET.

On page 460 we reproduce a sketch by our artist, Mr. A. R. Waud, representing A PICKET ON THE CHICKAHOMINY. The relief is approaching through the corn-field, and the anxious watch of the faithful picket is nearly ended. The attitude of the men is varied and yet truthful; the scene is one that will imprint itself firmly on the memory.

On the same page we give a picture of the BRIDGE OVER THE CHICKAHOMINY, also from a sketch by Mr. Waud. He says:

BRIDGE OVER THE CHICKAHOMINY.

Our brave army, toiling in the face of the enemy, ready to spring to arms at any moment, have done an immense amount of work, of which the construction of bridges has formed no inconsiderable portion. This has been necessary to secure our position in the face of the enemy.

The picture presents a fair idea of the bridge—a solid work of logs, laid corduroy fashion, covered with a layer of earth, and winding through the otherwise impassable swamp.

On page 453 we publish a large picture, likewise from a sketch by Mr. Waud, illustrating THE PLAIN OF FAIROAKS after the battle. Mr. Waud says:

FAIROAKS.

Fairoaks is a railroad station, used principally as a depot to supply the engines with wood, which is cut in large quantities in the swamps and woodlands of the vicinity. It takes its name from the plantation near by, which is called Fairoaks, from the group of green oak-trees which surround the twin-houses represented in the picture.

An effort has been made to change the name of the battle to Seven Pines. As no such assemblage of evergreens exists near—locusts growing on the place called Seven Pines—it is clearly as well to

let the battle's name alone; and as McClellan was its sponsor, good-breeding ought to suggest this to the most limited understanding.

HARRISON'S LANDING.

On page 461 we reproduce a sketch sent us by an attentive correspondent, representing HARRISON'S LANDING, the new base of the Army of the Potomac. The Herald correspondent thus describes the spot:

The Army of the Potomac is now massed on the left bank of the James River, along a space of about five miles on the river, and to a distance of three miles back therefrom, at a point from six to ten miles below City Point The spot is designated as Harrison's Landing. It is 25 miles southeast of Richmond, in a direct line; but the river is so tortuous and crooked that it is nearly twice as far by water. The plantations in the vicinity are exceedingly rich and fertile, the wheat being either just cut or else fully ready for the reaper. The banks of the river slope down to the water's edge. The river bottom itself is a continuation of this very gradual slope, which makes the water near the shore exceedingly shallow. In order to afford landing-places for vessels, therefore, long wooden piers or wharves are built, running far out into the stream. These landing-places are usually designated by the names of the individuals who built them and upon whose plantations they abut.

The ground for miles around Harrison's Landing is admirably situated for defense. The army, since its arrival here, has made the most of these natural advantages, and is now strongly intrenched. As all of our heavy siege guns, and indeed all our artillery, except some sixty field-pieces, have been saved, it will be seen at once that we are in good condition to stand even a siege, if the enemy should attempt one. But this is not expected.

The large Berkeley mansion, and the two smaller houses adjoining, as well as several negro huts in the vicinity, are all occupied as hospitals. The family—named Stark—I believe, have not been here since last March, and are now in Richmond. They removed most of their portable personal effects in April and May, but left in the house all of their rich carpets, elegant furniture, etc. The rain has poured down in torrents all day today; the grounds around the house are one mass of mud, and in two hours after the house was opened the rich carpets in every room were covered with a thick layer of the sacred soil, which, being tramped and grimed into them, has completely ruined them. Upon these once elegant but now muddy carpets our wounded officers and soldiers are now lying closely crowded together. Two of the rooms down stairs are used for amputations, and in this department of surgery the surgeons have been busy all day. For the want of space the sick and those slightly wounded are made to go outside the house, there not being room enough inside for the severely wounded alone. There are a great number of steamers and sailing vessels out in the stream, which are being fitted up to receive these sick and wounded men, and in a day or two they will all be removed to comfortable quarters.

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