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MAP OF FORT DONELSON AND VICINITY.
THE
CAPTURE OF FORT DONELSON.
WE publish on
page 148 a
picture of the FIGHT OVER SCHWARTZ'S BATTERY (Union) on the last day of the
siege of
Fort Donelson. The contest began, as our
readers will remember, on Thursday, 13th, and the fort was surrendered on Sunday
morning, 16th. On Saturday the enemy made a successful sortie, and succeeded for
a time in seizing one or two of our batteries. The event which our artist
commemorates is thus described in the correspondence of the World:
THE
HAND-TO-HAND FIGHT.
Early in the morning a large
rebel force, admitted to be twelve thousand strong by themselves, which had lain
in the trenches all night, were ordered outside of the rifle-pits. The men, it
appears, were uncertain whether it was a retreat, and resolved to fight with
desperation.
The rebel force was, as nearly as
can be ascertained, composed of First Mississippi, Third Mississippi, Fourth
Mississippi, Fourteenth Mississippi, and Twentieth Mississippi, under General
Johnson.
Forty-first Tennessee,
Forty-first Virginia, Fifteenth Arkansas, Second Texas, and an Alabama regiment,
under General J. B. Floyd.
Forrest's Cavalry, 1200 strong.
They had posted their batteries
inside of the breast-works, ready to open fire so soon as our troops advanced to
meet them. At six o'clock a shot was sent over to the rebel ranks just leaving
their lines. In a few minutes the whole column was in motion. Col. Oglesby, who
held the position menaced by the enemy, got his troops in line as rapidly as
possible, and had Schwartz's Battery of four pieces in readiness to receive
them. The announcement had hardly been made that the enemy was upon us than they
were fairly engaged with our troops. The position of our troops during the first
assault may be expressed as follows:
OGLESBY'S BRIGADE.
Ninth, Eighth, and
Thirty-first Illinois
Thirtieth Illinois. Schwartz's
Battery.
ENEMY'S POSITION.
Fourteenth Mississippi. Second
Mississippi.
Twentieth Mississippi.
Third Mississippi
Fifty-first Virginia.
Batteries in Intrenchments.
In this order was the fight—which
proved to be a very severe one—begun. Col. Oglesby, being hardly pressed, sent
back for reinforcements. Col. W. H. L. Wallace was sent forward with his
brigade, consisting of the Eleventh, Twentieth, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth
Illinois regiments, who came up to find the Mississippi regiments heavily
engaged with the Illinoisians of Col. Oglesby. After several desperate volleys
our men were flanked by an overpowering force of the rebels, and were driven
back, and for a few minutes overpowered. The timely arrival of Col. Wallace
turned the day. One of his regiments was cut off from the rest by the cavalry
force and a regiment of rebel infantry. They gallantly cut their way through,
and drove the enemy back from the hill.
The firing was excessive and well
sustained. The Eighth Illinois sustained the brunt of the charge, as did also
the Fourteenth Mississippi. The men on both sides behaved with characteristic
intrepidity. The Southerners, rash, impetuous, daring, and soon spent, fought
bravely for a short time. The Western men, stubborn, resolute, daring, and full
of fortitude, standing almost unmoved amidst the storm of buck and ball which
poured from the rifles and muskets of the rebels, only breaking after they had
seen their comrades falling by their sides.
A
SECOND REPULSE OF THE REBELS.
By dint of rapid firing from the
two batteries of Taylor and Schwartz, the enemy was driven back. The regiments
of our line which had suffered so much were withdrawn. The enemy had by this
time concentrated their broken troops for another attack.
General MClernand had
already prepared for the emergency. Anticipating that an attempt would be made
to force a passage through, he ordered a brigade to the rear and extreme right
to form behind the regiments then in front.
Possibly an hour had elapsed when
the enemy returned in a dense mass to the attack. The battery of Captain
Schwartz seemed to be the object of their attack. On they came pell-mell, with
deafening volleys of fire. Our batteries, well-nigh exhausted of canister,
poured shell into them with all possible dispatch. Ammunition caissons were sent
back in haste to get a fresh supply of canister. The Ninth, Eighteenth,
Thirtieth, and Forty-first were the next regiments to be brought up. The crest
of the hill was contested with variable success for a full hour, when the enemy
was finally driven back. The line of battle was so much confused that no
connected account of the movements can be detailed. The utmost bravery was
displayed on both sides until the struggle degenerated into a larger sort of
skirmish, in which a great deal of powder and lead was expended without much
effect. The rebels finally retired a third time.
Our men had by this time expended
their quantum of ammunition (forty rounds). It was during this lull, and before
our men could realize the fact that they had driven the enemy before them, that
the fourth and last attempt was made to seize the battery. The horses being
shot, the enemy succeeded in gaining possession of the battery of Captain
Schwartz, and were on the point of turning them upon our troops, when Captain
Willett's Chicago battery, which had just toiled up fresh from Fort Henry,
arrived on the ground and poured in a perfect storm of canister just in time to
save the day. The rebels fell back in disorder, pulling the guns of Schwartz
with them down the hill, and gained entrance to the fort before our troops could
overtake them. Our regiments followed them to the embankments, some of them
climbing over, and were driven
back for want of support.
We publish on this page a PLAN OF
FORT DONELSON. The following very good description of the fort is from the
correspondent of the Times:
The first thing that strikes one
upon entering Fort Donelson is its immense strength.
Fort Henry was thought to
be almost a Gibraltar, but its strength is weakness when compared to that of Donelson. Along Dover the Cumberland River runs nearly north. A half mile or so
below it makes a short bend to the west for some hundred yardsor so, and then turns again and
pursues its natural course due north. Right in this bend, on the left bank of
the river, and commanding it to the north, are two water batteries, side by
side, and nearly down to the water's edge.
The main battery has nine guns,
all looking straight down the river. The left-hand gun is a 10-inch
Columbiad—the rest are 32-pounders. The other battery has three guns—the middle
one a formidable rifled 64-pound Columbiad — the others 64-pound howitzers. All
these guns are protected by breast-works of immense thickness, the tops of which
are composed of coffee-sacks filled with earth. Back of these batteries the
shore rises with a pretty steep ascent till it forms a hill, whose top is nearly
or quite 100 feet above the water. On the top of this hill is Fort Donelson—an
irregular work, which incloses about 100 acres. The only guns in the fort are
four light siege guns, a 12-pound howitzer, two 24-pound guns, and one 64-pound
howitzer. West of the fort, in the direction of the place occupied by General
Grant, and south towards General McClernand's position, the country is a
succession of hills. For several hundred yards around the fort the timber has
all been cut down so as to afford a fair sweep for the Confederate guns.
Surrounding the whole fort and town, and distant from the former about a mile,
is a trench for riflemen, which runs completely around from the river bank above
Dover almost to a point near the river some distance below the water batteries.
Directly west of the fort, and within the rifle-pit, are formidable abattis,
which would render an advance from that direction almost an impossibility.
NOT the least important among the
changes which are taking place in the current of national policy and public
opinion is evidenced by the fact that on Friday, 21st February, in this city,
NATHANIEL GORDON was hung for being engaged in the slave-trade. For forty years
the slave-trade has been pronounced piracy by law, and to engage in it has been
a capital offense. But the sympathy of the Government and its officials has been
so often on the side of the criminal, and it seemed so absurd to hang a man for
doing at sea that which, in half the Union, is done daily without censure on
land, that no one has ever been punished under the Act. The Administration of
Mr. Lincoln has turned over a new leaf in this respect. Henceforth the
slave-trade will be abandoned to the British and their friends. The hanging of
Gordon is an event in the history of our country.
He was probably the most
successful and one of the worst of the individuals engaged in the trade. A
native of Maine, he had engaged in the business many years since, and had always
eluded justice. The particular voyage which proved fatal to him was undertaken
in 1860. The following summary of the case we take from the Times:
It was in evidence (given by
Lieutenant Henry D. Todd, U.S.N.) that the ship Erie was first discovered by the
United States steamer Mohican, on the morning of the 8th day of August, 1860;
that she was then about fifty miles outside of the River Congo, on the West
Coast of Africa, standing to the northward, with all sail set; that she was
flying the
American flag, and that a gun from the Mohican brought her to.
It was shown by Lieutenant Todd
that he went on board himself about noon, and took command of the prize. He
found on board of the Erie, which our readers will remember was but 500 tons
burden, eight hundred and ninety-seven (897) negroes, men, women, and children,
ranging from the age of six months to forty years. They were half children,
one-fourth men, and one-fourth women, and so crowded when on the main deck that
one could scarcely put his foot down without stepping on them. The stench from
the hold was fearful, and the filth and dirt upon their persons indescribably
offensive.
At first he of course knew
nothing about them, and until Gordon showed him, he was unable to stow them or
feed them—finally he learned how, but they were stowed so closely that during
the entire voyage they appeared to be in great agony. The details are sickening,
but as fair exponents of the result of this close stowing, we will but mention
that running sores and cutaneous diseases of the most painful as well as
contagious character infected the entire load. Decency was unthought of; privacy
was simply impossible — nastiness and wretchedness reigned supreme. From such a
state of affairs we are not surprised to learn that, during the passage of
fifteen days, twenty-nine of the sufferers died, and were thrown overboard.
It was proved by one of the
seamen that he, with others, shipped on the Erie, believing her to be bound upon
a legitimate voyage, and that, when at sea they suspected, from the nature of
the cargo, that all was not right, which suspicion they mentioned to the Captain
(Gordon), who satisfied them by saying that he was on a lawful voyage, that they
had shipped as sailors, and would do better to return to their duties than to
talk to him.
Subsequently they were told that
they had shipped on a slaver, and that for every negro safely landed they should
receive a dollar.
The negroes were taken on board
the ship on the 7th day of August, 1860, and the entire operation of launching
and unloading nearly nine hundred negroes, occupied but three quarters of an
hour, or less time than a sensible man would require for his dinner. As the poor
creatures came over the side Gordon would take them by the arm, and shove them
here or there, as the case might be, and if by chance their persons were covered
from entire exposure by a strip of rag, he would, with his knife, cut it off,
fling it overboard, and send the wretch naked with his fellows.
Several of the crew testified,
all agreeing that Gordon acted as Captain; that he engaged them; that he ordered
them; that he promised them the $l per capita; that he superintended the
bringing on board the negroes; and that he was, in fact, the master-spirit of
the entire enterprise.
For this crime Gordon was
arrested, tried, and, mainly through the energy of District-Attorney Smith,
convicted, and sentenced to death. Immense exertions were made by his friends
and the slave-trading interest to procure a pardon, or at least a commutation of
his sentence, from President Lincoln, but without avail. He was sentenced to die
on 21st. We abridge the following account of his last hours and execution [which
we illustrate on page 157] from the Herald and Times:
THE ATTEMPT TO COMMIT SUICIDE.
Nothing worthy of note occurred
until about three o'clock A.M. on Friday morning, when the keepers were alarmed
by the prisoner being suddenly seized with convulsions. At first it was supposed
that he was trying to strangle himself; but on a close examination it was
evident that he was suffering from the effects of poison. Dr. Simmons, the
prison physician, was immediately sent for, and stimulants were freely
administered for the purpose of producing a reaction. For the first half hour or
so the efforts of the physician appeared to have but little effect. The patient
became quite rigid under the influence of the poison, his pulse could scarcely
be felt, and it was thought that after all the gallows would be cheated of its
victim. Drs. James R. Wood and Hodgman, who were also in attendance upon the
prisoner, labored hard to resuscitate the dying man, and finally, by means of
the stomach-pump and the use of brandy, the patient was sufficiently recovered
to be able to articulate. It was not until eight o'clock, however, that the
physicians had any hope of saving Gordon's life. From that hour, however, the
prisoner gradually recovered, although he was subject to fainting fits for hours
afterward. When sensible he begged of the doctors to let him alone, preferring,
he said, to die by his own hand rather than suffer the ignominy of a public
execution.
It has not been satisfactorily
ascertained how or in what manner the unfortunate man procured the poison with
which he contemplated self-destruction. The symptoms were evidently those of
strychnine, and the only way in which the keepers can account for the presence
of the poison is its introduction in the cigars which Gordon had smoked so
freely the night before. On Thursday the prisoner was compelled to undergo a
rigid search, his clothing was changed entirely, and he was placed in a new
cell, so that it would seem impossible almost for him to have procured the
poison in any other way than that suggested by his keepers.
A few minutes after eleven
o'clock, when it was apparent to Gordon that the execution would certainly take
place, notwithstanding his attempt at suicide, he sent for Marshal Murray, and
said he had something of a private nature to communicate. The Marshal repaired
to the bedside of the culprit and asked if any thing could be done to alleviate
his sufferings. Gordon raised himself slowly from his cot, and with much
difficulty, said: "Cut a lock of hair from my head and give it to my wife." Then
taking a ring from his finger, he requested that that also should be sent to his
wife in remembrance of her husband. The request was cheerfully complied with,
and the official, quite overcome with emotion, left the unhappy man to his fate.
THE EXECUTION.
At 12 o'clock, Marshal Murray notified Gordon, through
Mr. Draper, that the hour had arrived. At this he expressed great surprise,
and said he thought he had two
hours more in which to live. The clergyman entered the
cell and prayed with him, or rather for him. Deputy Marshal Borst aided him
in dressing and gave him a large drink of clear whisky, when his arms were tied, the black
cap was put carelessly on one side of his head, and he was
carried on the deputy's shoulders
to a chair in the corridor. The sight was simply shocking.
The man was not sober—that is, so
powerful had been the effect of the poison that, in order to keep him alive till
the necessary moment, they had been obliged to give him whisky enough to make an
ordinary man drunk three times over. He sat lollingly in the chair, gazing
listlessly around, while the Marshal, with unaffected emotion, read the former
reprieve to him. That done, he was helped to his feet, and held there while the
Marshal read to him. the death-warrant.
After this he looked around with
a senseless smile, asked for some more whisky, which was kindly given him. The
procession was then formed, Gordon stalking with a bravadoish air, upheld by the
Marshals, toward the scaffold.
To a casual spectator it would
appear that, exhausted by mental or physical suffering, Gordon was making a
great effort to walk manfully to his fate. As it was, however, he had just sense
enough left to endeavor to follow out the suggestion of the well-meaning deputy,
who told him to die like a man, and to walk to the rope, so that no one could
accuse him of fear. When he reached the scaffold, he said, "Well, a man can't
die but once; I'm not afraid." The cap was drawn over the whitened, meaningless
features, the noose-knot was carefully adjusted under his ear, and he stood, an
unthinking, careless, besotted wretch waiting for he knew not what, when with a
jerk he went high in air, and fell to the length of the rope, still senseless,
still unfeeling, still regardless of pain or pleasure.
The body swayed hither and
thither for a few moments, and all was quiet. No twitchings, no convulsions, no
throes, no agonies. His legs opened once, but closed again, and he hung a lump
of dishonored clay.
THE BATTLE OF MILL SPRING.
WE publish herewith a plan of the
BATTLE OF MILL SPRING, KENTUCKY, fought on 19th January, and won by Generals
Thomas and Schoepff. The following interesting letter explains the plan:
HEAD-QUARTERS TENTH REGIMENT
INDIANA FOOT
VOLUNTEERS, MILL SPRING, Feb. 7,
1862. DEAR SIR,—We left Lebanon on the 31st day of December, and marched to
Campbellsville; from there we made a forced march to Greensburg, twelve miles,
in less than four hours, and returned the next day in about the same time. The
expedition turned out to be a goose chase. On or about the 7th we started for
Columbia, where we arrived in two days. After resting three or four days we
struck tents and started for
Zollicoffer's intrenchments. After some six or
eight days' hard traveling we arrived at Logan's Cross Roads, where the fun
commenced. Friday afternoon we sent out as pickets Company A, Captain Hamilton;
at night Company N, Captain Carroll, and Company G, Captain Hogiland. About
twelve o'clock that night the enemy's pickets and Company E met and exchanged
shots; the regiment was in less than five minutes in line of battle, but as the
enemy retreated we retired to bed again. The next morning Company C, Captain
Boyl, and Company D, Captain Joseph F. Taylor, were sent out to relieve
Companies N and G. During Saturday nothing of importance occurred. At night
Company I, Captain Perkins, and Company K, Captain Shortie, relieved Companies C
and D. During the night, which was very stormy, every thing was quiet. At six
o'clock Sunday morning Captain Perkins came in and reported every thing quiet.
Hardly had he got away from the tent when one of Wolford's cavalry rode up and
said our pickets were firing. The long roll was instantly beat, and the boys
started at double-quick: the regiment took the position marked (2), which they
held until the enemy had completely outflanked us. We fought over 3000 for over
half an hour. We then retreated to (3). In the mean time the Fourth Kentucky
came up. We then pushed forward to (4), with the Fourth Kentucky at our right
(8). We fought here for nearly an hour, when finding the enemy's cavalry trying
a flanking movement on us, we moved, by General Thomas's orders, to (5), where
we fought desperately at least an hour. At this time Colonel Manson saw that the
enemy were again trying a flank movement to our right; ordered that M'Cook
should bring his men to our relief The Second Minnesota (9) moved forward and
took position at (10), from thence forward to (11), driving the left flank of
the enemy in. The Ninth Ohio (12) came up and drove the right flank in. Our
regiment then went forward to (6), when Colonel Kise ordered "Charge bayonets!"
which was done with a will, and every thing went before us. Our next position
was at (7); it was here that the old Tenth did the best execution with the guns
they (Next Page)
PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF MILL SPRING, KENTUCKY,
FOUGHT JANUARY 19, 1862.
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